A brief overview of the 2022 Nobel Prizes

All 2022 Nobel Prizes have been announced. Here’s a look at what prizes have been announced so far, what’s pending and what’s in store for the winners.

ECONOMY

This year’s Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to the former chairman of the US Federal Reserve System, Ben Bernanke, and two other American economists. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybwig received awards Monday for their research on the effects of bank failures. The Nobel panel at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm said the trio’s research showed “why it is vital to avoid bank failures.” The panel says the findings of the three in the early 1980s laid the groundwork for regulating financial markets and business with financial crises.

THE WORLD

This year’s Nobel Peace Prize was shared on Friday by the imprisoned Belarusian human rights defender Ales Bialatsky, the Russian group “Memorial” and the Ukrainian organization “Center for Civil Liberties”. The Norwegian Nobel Committee said the laureates “made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human rights abuses and abuse of power. Together, they demonstrate the importance of civil society for peace and democracy.” The award was seen as a harsh rebuke to the authoritarian rule of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

LITERATURE

The Swedish Academy on Thursday awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature to French writer Anne Hernaud for “the courage and insight with which she reveals the roots, alienation and collective limitations of personal memory.” Erna, 82, has written more than 20 books, most of them very short, describing events in her life and the lives of those around her. Her works paint uncompromising portraits of sexual encounters, abortions, illness and death of her parents.

CHEMISTRY

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was jointly awarded on Wednesday the Americans Carolyn R. Bertazzi and C. Barry Sharpless and the Danish scholar Morten Meldahl for work on click chemistry, an area of ​​research that can be used to develop better drugs. Sharpless is a multiple winner: he also won the Chemistry Prize in 2001.

PHYSICS

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded on Tuesday Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger. The trio shared the prize for discovering how invisible particles known as photons can bind or “entangle” with each other, even when they are far apart.

MEDICINES

The Prize in Medicine or Physiology is traditionally the first Nobel Prize to be announced. This year’s premium went to Swedish scientist Svante Paabo for discoveries about human evolution achieved through DNA analysis of Neanderthals and other ancient relatives of modern humans.

WHAT WILL THE WINNERS RECEIVE?

Nobel laureates are invited to receive their awards at the award ceremony, which will take place on December 10, the anniversary of the death of the founder of the Nobel Prize, Alfred Nobel, in 1896. The award includes a diploma, a gold medal and a cash prize of 10 million Swedish kronor (about US$900,000). ). The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in the Norwegian capital Oslo, while other awards are presented in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, as per Nobel’s wishes.

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